The monsoon season, with its increased humidity and changing weather patterns, poses significant challenges for individuals with respiratory issues, particularly those with asthma and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Experts from leading hospitals shed light on how the rainy season exacerbates these conditions and offer essential advice on managing symptoms during this period.
Dr. Piyush Goel, Consultant in Pulmonology at Manipal Hospital, Gurugram, notes a surge in respiratory issues and allergies during the monsoon. “The most important and most common reason behind that is a surge in viral infections which can happen in the rainy season. And because of that, asthma and COPD, which are stable in patients, are getting exacerbated,” he explains. COPD patients often feel breathless due to these viral infections.
To mitigate these issues, Dr. Goel emphasizes the importance of hand hygiene and using face masks. “Hand hygiene is very important so that you will not get any infection via your hands. Secondly, you can put on a face mask if you are allergic or a COPD patient so that you avoid getting your hands into your mouth. You will not get allergens directly from the air, and also the viral exposure can be drastically reduced if you put on a face mask,” he advises. Additionally, quitting smoking and maintaining a high-protein diet rich in fruits and vegetables can improve respiratory immunity and stability.
Dr Richa Mittal, Consultant in Pulmonary Medicine at Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, highlights the unique challenges monsoon poses for asthmatics. “Monsoon season poses unique challenges for individuals with asthma, as weather changes and specific triggers can worsen symptoms,” she says. Increased pollen, dampness leading to mold, and reduced exposure to sunlight can trigger wheezing, bronchospasms, inflammation, and a compromised immune system. She also mentions the phenomenon of “thunderstorm asthma,” where extreme weather conditions can instigate asthma-like symptoms.
To manage asthma during the monsoon, Dr. Mittal suggests controlling humidity levels, keeping windows closed during thunderstorms, practicing proper hygiene to avoid viral infections, and monitoring air quality. “It’s crucial to adhere to the doctor’s treatment plan, which may involve inhalation therapy—the cornerstone of asthma treatment. Inhalation therapy delivers medication directly to the lungs, resulting in lower dosages, leading to minimal side effects and rapid relief,” she advises. Ensuring flu shots are up-to-date is also essential.
Dr. Manisha Mendiratta, Associate Director and Head of Pulmonology at Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad, adds that increased humidity, mold growth, fungal infections, and pollen grains during the monsoon can trigger asthma. “Humidity makes the air heavier and harder to breathe, while sudden changes in temperature and pressure during rainstorms can constrict airways, leading to asthma attacks,” she explains. To prevent flare-ups, she recommends staying indoors to avoid humidity, using a dehumidifier, and keeping doors and windows clean to minimize damp air.
Dr. Mendiratta also stresses the importance of regular use of inhalers or a combination of steroids and bronchodilators, and carrying rescue medicines when necessary. “When going outside, cover your face with a warm cloth or wear a mask. Be cautious of respiratory infections common in rainy seasons and get vaccinated four to six weeks before the season,” she advises. Asthma patients should monitor their condition with a diary or peak flow meter and consult a doctor if symptoms persist after increasing inhaler use, as adjustments in medication may be necessary.
Moreover, Dr. Goel suggests pneumococcal vaccination as a preventive measure. “The pneumococcal vaccine is made up of Streptococcus pneumoniae weakened bacteria and the antigen of that bacteria. This is the most common bacterial infection worldwide, which causes lung infection and can cause infections of other parts of the body. Giving a pneumococcal vaccination is very helpful to make things stable from a respiratory point of view,” he explains.
By following these expert recommendations, individuals with respiratory issues can better manage their conditions during the challenging monsoon season. Practicing good hygiene, using appropriate medications, and taking preventive measures can help mitigate the exacerbation of symptoms and improve overall respiratory health.
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