U.S. President Donald Trump’s weekend attempt to sidestep stalled congressional negotiations over the next coronavirus aid package will do little to boost the economy, experts said.
Trump’s executive order and presidential memoranda, introduced on Saturday, would temporarily extend enhanced unemployment benefits at a reduced amount of $400 a week, defer payroll taxes for some workers, suspend federal student loan payments and potentially provide eviction relief. Even if he can overcome the legal questions surrounding his actions, the efforts may not pack much punch, economists say.
Mark Zandi, the chief economist at Moody’s Analytics, calculated the orders could provide just over $400 billion in total relief. JPMorgan Chase economist Michael Feroli wrote in an email note on Monday that the initiatives could contribute “less than $100 billion” in stimulus.
That’s versus the $1 trillion aid package proposed by the Republican-led Senate or the more than $3 trillion aid bill passed by the Democrat-led House of Representatives.
Altogether, the president’s orders would add up to 0.2% of GDP, a “negligible amount,” according to estimates from Lydia Boussour, senior U.S. economist for Oxford Economics.
Millions of jobless Americans could be financially squeezed this month after the expiration of a $600 weekly supplement to unemployment benefits, the winding down of eviction moratoriums across the country and the end of the Paycheck Protection Program, which supported small businesses.
Some of the measures proposed by Trump would take time to set up and could be challenged in court, experts said. “They’re not going to do anybody any good in the here and now,” Zandi said in an interview.
The president’s efforts may also not reach all of the workers relying on aid. For example, the $400 weekly supplement to unemployment benefits would only apply to people receiving at least $100 in state unemployment benefits and could exclude some low-income workers. The added benefits, which would be financed by $44 billion from the Disaster Relief Fund, would only last about five or six weeks, Feroli estimates.
And the program would put more pressure on states – which have already seen their budgets strained during the crisis – by requiring them to pay 25% of the $400 supplement.
A measure that would defer employees’ share of the Social Security payroll tax from September through December is not expected to have a noticeable impact on spending because it helps people who are still working, wrote Boussour. Workers would still owe the taxes later.
Trump’s policy move on housing may not lead to immediate relief for people who are falling behind on their rent or mortgage payments.
The president asked the heads of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Treasury to look into ways to provide assistance to renters and homeowners and to research legal actions that could help to avoid evictions and foreclosures – rather than spelling out any concrete actions.
The measure that is most likely to become reality is the extension of a freeze on federal student loan payments, Zandi said. That is set to expire Sept. 30; Trump’s measure would extend it through the end of the year.
The step could save borrowers $15 billion to $20 billion, Zandi estimates. “For the students that’s a big deal, but for the macro economy in a crisis, it’s really not meaningful.”
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