Economic Survey 2015-16 tabled in Parliament on Friday by the Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley states that the year 2015 has been a landmark year for India in terms of climate change initiatives both nationally and internationally.
At the International level, India played a crucial role in the climate change talks and agreement under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCCC) in Paris in December 2015, and the launch of International Solar Alliance.
India also submitted its ambitious Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to the UNFCCC on 2nd October 2015. The Economic Survey has listed down, along with these achievements, the various other contributions and initiatives taken by India in dealing with climate change and promoting sustainable development.
Economic Survey 2015-16 further states that India has played an important role in the 21st Conference of Parties (COP 21) under the UNFCCC and adoption of the Paris Agreement in December 2015. The Paris Agreement sets a roadmap for all nations in the world to take actions against climate change in the post-2020 period. Also, Prime Minister Narendra Modi played a leading role at COP 21 in the launch of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), and also volunteered to host its Secretariat.
ISA will provide a special platform for mutual cooperation among 121 solar-resource-rich countries in the world.
Economic Survey highlights that as on 4 January 2016, with 1593 out of 7685 projects registered under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of UNFCCC, India has the second highest number of projects registered under CDM which further shows its commitment to fighting climate change.
The Survey notes that in the domestic front, India has continued to take ambitious targets in its actions against climate change. As a part of its contributions to global climate change mitigation efforts, India announced its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) which including other efforts has set itself an ambitious target of reducing its emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35 percent by 2030, compared to 2005 levels, and of achieving 40 % cumulative electric installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.
Apart from the National Action on Climate Change (NAPCC), a new mission on Climate Change and Health is currently under formulation and a National Expert Group on Climate Change and Health has been constituted. The Economic Survey also talks about the National Mission on Coastal Areas (NMCA) for integrated coastal resource management and the proposed waste-to energy mission which are the other major components of India’s domestic actions against climate change.
Economic Survey also talks about the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) which has been established with a budget provision of Rs 350 crore for the year 2015-16 and 2016-17, and the National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) which is supported by the cess on coal. The Survey notes that India is one of the few countries around the world to have a carbon tax in the form of a cess on coal.
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